Army equipment 1700-1720

Beautiful artwork, thank you. Any chance one could take the portrayal to mean, or suggest, that the Swedes didn't necessarily always appear in the field with turnbacks buttoned back?

Cheers,

Michael

The following text, I have downloaded from the Swedish side: H. Högman's Genealogy and History Site .. http://www.algonet.se/ ~ Hogman / swegen.htm

The early Carolinian uniform 1672 - 1680's
When Charles XI became the Swedish regent in 1672 work began to gain a complete uniforms of Swedish regiments. Charles XI ordered already in 1672 that the regiments would be clad into his special color of cloth.
According to a letter from the year 1675 would landscape regiments wear the following colors:


Infantry Regiment
Uniform

Dalregementet
Blue with red spreads

Hälsingland Reg.
Red with green ideas

Jämtland Reg.
Grey with green ideas

Jönköping Reg.
Grey with red spreads

Kalmar Reg.
Grey with green ideas

Crown's Reg.
Yellow with red spreads

Narke-Varmland Reg.
Red with white spreads

Skaraborg Reg.
Yellow with black Lookup

Södermanland Reg.
Yellow with blue lookup

Upplands Reg.
Red with yellow spreads

Västerbotten Reg.
Blue with white spreads

Västgöta-Valley Reg.
Grey with yellow spreads

Västmanland Reg.
Green with red spreads

Älvsborgs Reg.
Grey with isabella spreads

Östgöta Reg.
Red with black Lookup


In the summer of 1676 changed the color of wa-Värmland regiment from the white color of the ideas for green. As we see from the table would Kalmar and Jämtland regiment have the same colors.
Isabell is a brungrågul shade.

Infantry:
At this time the bar man headdress karpus or a hat. A karpus was a round, padded or fur-lined hat with fold-down tabs for forehead, neck and ears. Karpusen used primarily by men. The officers wore only a hat. The hat was soft and had a low hill with a slight uppböjda edges.
His coat was a so-called long coat with pewter buttons and cuffs in contrasting colors. The pants were of the same color as his coat and made of leather. They also wore a leather vest. Stump Orna was long and sewn or knitted of wool. As the footwear worn black shoes that were abruptly cut off the front.
Her coat was generally of the round-cut gown without sleeves. This cape was often in the way during riding and usually folded it up on both sides and hooked together at the back with brass buckles. Cloaks bar is usually not during combat.
NCO coat, pants and socks were gray. NCO also wore jacket. The color of the officers' uniforms at this time is uncertain, was probably the blue.
The Swedish long coat, the French called justaucorps as a model. This coat with long tails were uncomfortable to wear. Tails handed down to his knees and was therefore in the way of battle. They were also an obstacle to the infantry at the march, and the cavalry at the horse riding. On these occasions it was therefore common to weak up front and bakskörten on both sides and hooked them together. The lining of his coat became visible. At other times worn tails straight. Uppfästningen was tails were also among the other European armies. Long coat became widely recorded introduced during the 1680s even though it occurred during the 1670s.
In the artillery turned the other hand, not the tails in the long coat. This is true for some artillery throughout the Caroline period.
The introduction of the new uniforms stopped in Karl XI's wars from 1675 to 1679.

Cavalry:
Even in the cavalry wore one hat or karpus. Moreover bar riders älghudskyler, sämskskinnfodrade breastplate, leather pants and high smorläderstövlar with stiff shaft. Both kyllret and gown handed down to her knees. As headdress worn a lågkullig felt hat with wide brim.
The dragoons wore a hat or karpus and klädesrock instead of the jacket. The dragoons wore no armor or boots. The dragoons were primarily mounted infantry rather than cavalry.
Drabants wore a blue frock coat fitted with a collar and yellow bojfoder and decorated with braid, braid of gold in silver. In the mid-1670s was the gray coat with a gray lining. As early as 1677 it was blue with yellow lining.

Artillery:
Artillery, long gowns were usually gray and worn with rolled-up not brittle as they occasionally did in the infantry.

According to the 1683-year regulation would infantry regiments wear the following colors:

Infantry Regiment
Uniform

Dalregementet
Blue with yellow spreads

Hälsingland Reg.
Red with green ideas

Jämtland Reg.
Blue with yellow spreads

Jönköping Reg.
Grey with red spreads

Kalmar Reg.
Grey with green ideas

Crown's Reg.
Yellow with red spreads

Kungl. Majesty Livregemente
Blue with yellow spreads

Narke-Varmland Reg.
Red with blue lookup

Skaraborg Reg.
Yellow with black Lookup

Scanian infanterireg.
Yellow with green ideas

Södermanland Reg.
Yellow with blue lookup

Upplands Reg.
Red with yellow spreads

Västerbotten Reg.
Blue with white spreads

Västgöta-Valley Reg.
Grey with yellow spreads

Västmanland Reg.
Green with red spreads

Älvsborgs Reg.
Blue with red spreads

Östgöta Reg.
Red with black Lookup


Colors are bold changes against 1675-year provisions.
Cavalry regiments had no specific provisions concerning the color of the uniforms.


Crew Södermanland regiment.

Officer, Södermanland regiment, in 1680 or so. Mark the big cuffs and the vertical flaps. The hat has a weak uppböjda edges.


Officer Uniform at Uppland Regiment, 1680th
Army Museum.
Photo Hans Högman 2003rd

Crew Uniform at Uppland Regiment, 1680th

Crew Uniform at Uppland Regiment, 1680th


1687-Act Regulations: - The blue unit uniform
According to these regulations shall infantry clothed in blue. Thus, the whole infantry wear blue coat. Cuffs, etc. would be of yellow cloth. NCO in the infantry would have jackets and leather jackets. Between 1681 and 1687 were in the officers' coats to be gray, but from 1687 they would have the same color as the rest, ie. blue. For uniform also heard hårpungen. It came into use already 1681st A hårpung was a black bag, usually of dvalk - a kind of linen. Previously worn the long hair hanging freely. Now it would be combed up and worn gathered in the bag on the neck or down a bit on the back. Furthermore, were a blue karpus as hats and socks. The socks held up with knärämmar with buckles.
Officers' uniforms were much more lavish, including gilded brass buttons and gold braids in gloves, vest, sword belt and the collar of her coat officer.
The uniforms, which were determined in 1687 has been designated as the "old Carolinian uniform." The important thing about m/1687 was that the whole army clothed in the same color, the blue coat. This was a process that was taking place throughout Europe, but Sweden was probably the longest in the introduction.

Model-wise, did not cause m/1687 n gra major changes, but it was above all that color.

Infantry:

Unit The uniform was introduced gradually in the infantry. In general, uniform, blue with yellow cuffs and lining. Some regiments different from the yellow color of the lining and spreads. Narke-Varmland and Jönköping regiments had red paint on feed and spread. Västerbotten Regiment had white paint on the corresponding details.
What could vary was the color of the pants and socks.

The blue coat was long and by the very Corps-type and had long been the earlier appearance. It had tight waist and large pocket flaps were first vertically mounted but later horizontally. There was a row of buttons along the front edge with yellow buttonholes where the bottom half was blind. Typically, the older Carolinian uniform three dozen buttons: 12 pieces for the double-blind pocket flaps, 2 for shoulder straps and 22 of the button bar.
A defining feature of the coat in the - Carolinian uniform was that it lacked proper collar. On his shoulders were epaulettes mounted. Musketeers had epaulettes on both shoulders to keep both musket and partly bantlärremmen to the cartridge bag in place. Pike aunts had only a shoulder flap on the right shoulder of gehänget.
Cuffs on the unit's uniform was in the beginning, as in previous model, the size of the continent. Later, they became much smaller and square. These little ideas is the "Swedish spread." The small unresolved worn by soldiers and NCOs. The officers continued with the major unresolved. It was Karl XI, who himself decided to cuffs for practical reasons would be made smaller. This decision was taken in the mid 1690s but it is uncertain when it actually was introduced.
Cuffs and lining was generally of the same color. Through the fastened tails synthesis also feed on the uniforms. It is not fully established when the upturned tails became so ubiquitous that they were used in this way by all units.

During the 1690s and until 1706 the uniform changed slightly so that it has an appearance between the younger and the older Carolinian uniform. It is now that the twin vertical flaps are replaced with the horizontal. Number of buttons on his coat also decreases at this time, from 2 ¼ to 2 ½ dozen. It is also during this time that uniforms get a real collar.

The vest stretched far down on the thighs and were usually of leather. The vest was usually yellow. Even jackets of broadcloth occurred.
The pants were tight and knee-length. They were usually made of leather, sometimes of broadcloth. Generally, yellow pants.
The socks were long and stretched up above her knees. They held up through knärämmar with brass buckles. It was common practice to bore two pairs of socks. Most common were the socks knitted of wool. In wa-Varmland and Jönköping regiments were red socks. In the mid-1690s one begins to use the so-called. over socks to protect the wool stockings. These over the socks were made of broadcloth or homespun for winter use, and the linen for the warm season. Over The socks were a precursor to boot. In the late 1690s did provide that the socks would have the same color as each regiment had to feed. In 1692, bar Östgöta infantry regiment of white socks.
On his feet wore infantry boots, usually with a buckle. The shoes were made of smorläder and the same for left and right foot. At the front, they were abruptly cut off.
In the beginning was the scarf black but in the first half of the 1690s appears more colors up. Charles XI was not fond of the color black. Västerbotten Regiment wore white scarves in 1694 and Jönköping Regiment wore red. The scarf was made of fabric. From the late 1690s to end it with a cloth collar and instead wrapped the scarf around his neck and - at the back. The black paint was once widespread well into the 1700s.
Normally had cuffs, coat lining, pants, vest and strumpona same color and the most common color for these uniforms parts were yellow. It could also be different colors on the collar at certain joints.
For uniform also included a coat. It is not until well into the 1690s as it is commonly used by the infantry. Her coat was blue and, as before, a round-cut cloak without sleeves and collar. Her coat was usually made of wool and lined with a buoy which was usually in yellow. Her coat was held in place with a pair of brass buckles in front. It was also hooking up tails at the back. Her coat was 7 m in circumference at the bottom.
The gloves had a stiff neck.
Headdress of infantry ranged between hat and karpus. Karpusen was long the dominant headdress. Karpusen was usually blue. The hat was however more common. The early Caroline hat was the first straight brim but was later slightly folded without being fastened. Eventually get the hat increasingly upturned brim which leads to the three-cornered hat with the brim pinned. This is done in the late 1600s but it was not until well into the 1700s before the three-cornered hat was in general use. At the beginning of the Great Northern War was karpusen public headdress among the men.
The three-cornered hat worn with the point straight ahead, usually with the tip slightly move to the left. On the left brim, there was a button. NCO The hats had a silver stripe and the officers a narrow gold border.

Officers and uniforms looked like dan as for men but were made of finer materials. Some details were different, however, different.
The lining and cuffs were blue instead of yellow. The officers wore in the mid-1690s blue socks. ORNAMENT on the coat varied with the degree. The degree was marked also by the so-called. ring collar worn around the neck. Note, ring collar was not used in the artillery or the cavalry.

Military grade
Ring Collar

Colonel
Of silver gilt with the king's crowned cipher in the royal crown and other decorations in enamel

Colonel
Of silver gilt, but not as fancy as the colonel and had palm branches on both sides of the crowned namnschiffret.

Major
Just as Lieutenant Colonel

Captain
Of silver gilt with crown and cipher name in enamel, but lacked the palm branches.

Lieutenant
Of polished silver with gilded names in cipher crown of gold of the same appearance and size as captain

Ensign
As a lieutenant


There was some delay in the introduction of the unit's uniform, including depending on both material shortages and lack of money. The old uniforms were worn out before we switched to a new one.
The following table shows the year when each infantry regiment in Sweden and Finland are paraded wearing the blue uniform unit:

Infantry Regiment
Year

Pori Regiment, part (Fin)
1689

Pori Regiment, part (Fin)
1692

Dalregementet
1690

Hälsingland Regiment
1694

Jämtland Regiment
(Blue coat had already in 1683)
1709

Jönköping Regiment
1692

Kalmar Regiment
1692

Kronoberg regiment
1692

Nyland Infantry Regiment (Fin)
1688

Nyland Infantry Regiment (Fin), nyuniformerat
1698

Wa-Värmland Regiment
1691

Savo regiment (Fin)
(Blue coat had already in 1683)
?

Skaraborg Regiment
1689

Södermanland Regiment
1690

Häme Regiment (Fin)
1696

Uppland Regiment
1691

Viborg Infantry Regiment (Fin)
(Blue coat had already in 1683)
?

Västerbotten Regiment
1694

Västgöta-Dal Regiment
1691

Västmanland Regiment
1690

Åboläns Infantry Regiment (Fin)
1688

Åboläns Infantry Regiment (Fin), nymunderat
1694

Älvsborgs Regiment
1691

Ostrobothnia Regiment (Fin)
1688

Östergötland Infantry Regiment
1692


There is from year 1699 a draft of a uniform regulation with detailed information on the unit's uniform at the infantry would look like:
The coat should be of blue Swedish clothing with a collar and small cuffs in regimental color. The lining would be the buoy. The sweater (vest) and trousers would be of buckskin or reindeer skin. The hat would have vinyl or string around the white camel spruce or topic. The socks should be of wool and the regimental color. The scarf would be of black lärf.
This draft shows how uniforms were being developed for the traditional Carolinian uniform as we are accustomed to seeing it.
His coat had at that time still the characteristic long row of buttons along the front.
At the outbreak of war in 1700 bore infantry soldier is still the old long coat and only in exceptional cases were upturned tails. Karpus, the most common headgear. Open on the sleeves were still large.


Samples trappings Rock, infantry 1687th
Vertical pocket flaps, large cuffs, buttoned all the way down and no collar.

Samples trappings Rock, infantry 1687th
The - Carolinian uniform.


Round-cut gown without sleeves
Army Museum.
Photo Hans Högman 2003rd


M/1706:
Meanwhile, in Saxony 1706 - 1707 took the opportunity of getting new uniforms to replace the worn uniforms as they then had. This model m/1706 contained some changes from the previous uniform. His coat was now proceeding downward, and therefore had four folds on each side and two in the back. These folds were already on the officers' coats, now they came also to be included in the crew's coats. The most significant change was buttoning up until now did not go all the way down but ended at the waist. This change gave the gown a special appearance and model m/1706 has been called the young Carolinian uniform. With the flick no one stopped at the waist coat had far fewer buttons.
The collar of his coat and the yellow cuffs were left as before. Even the large horizontal flaps were unchanged. The vest and pants would be yellow.
In many respects you could say that this new uniform was a simplified form of the old uniform. Life Guards were the first units that were dressed in new uniforms. In the following years fronted the Swedish army in the new uniform.

After Poltava in 1709 when many regiments went into Russian captivity, these regiments again be put up in Sweden and thus uniform served. In paintings from Stenbock army at the Battle of Gadebusch 1712 shows that this new army wore the new uniform model, ie the soldiers with rocks whose closure ending at the waist and the three-cornered hat with upturned brim and pinned. Coat-tails of the infantry and troopers' coats are upphakade in the manner we are accustomed to seeing the uniform. The artillery bore, however coats with straight skirts. Furthermore, the infantry and cavalry were used hårpung while gunners had straight hair hanging down.
In 1713 in Tonningen was also Stenbock army in captivity with the regiments must be put up again and again uniforms served.
In the mid-1710s, it has three-cornered hat, trocornen, more or less completely replaced karpusen as headdress. However, bar Jamtland Regiment still karpus at general muster 1717th

Cavalry:
Also, the cavalry covered the 1687-year's uniform rules even if the adoption was slower here. Long coat was not laid out in the cavalry until well into the 1690s. Until it was worn knee-length kyllret. After a long coat came into use was kyllret a lower garment. One of the reasons that kyllret was removed as everyday dress was material. Kyllret was made sämskgarvad älghud and had a great inclination to take up water and then a long drying time. Instead of kyllret introduced a vest of skins. This vest was called kamisol and had long sleeves. When the Great Northern War broke out in 1700 was all the Swedish cavalry equipped with kamisoler and kyllren was therefore left at home.
Headdress at the Household Regiment in 1680 would be a black hat. In 1686, however, was purchased karpus to all riders of the regiment. A few years later, in 1691, would return caps sourced.
In Östergötland Cavalry Regiment purchased karpusar 1690 to 1695 while the regiment mentioned hats. So at this time were used alternately karpus and hat.
Even in the cavalry used the traditional round cut his cloak.
Also, the riders had a scarf. On his feet bore riders the high jack boots. These boots were used anbart of the real and the cavalry of the guard corps, not by the dragoons.
The riders in the cavalry bar also sämskskinnfodrade breastplate. During the armor worn kamisolen to prevent the harness rubbing against the body. However, it seems as if the breastplate only used during the early years during the Great Northern War. Then ended on the outfit.

The dragoons were at the Great Northern War, a more independent status and is no longer just a horse-borne infantry. Their uniforms were all more similar to the cavalry.
Bohuslän dragoons wore it for the regiment characteristic green color of their coats.


WELLINGTON for an officer in the cavalry of the Carolingian type.
Army Museum.
Photo Hans Högman 2003rd

Hello, many thanks for the exhaustive reply, very much appreciated.

I have "The Great Northern War 1700-1721", Hoglund & Sallnas, but do not have access to it at the moment. The details in your reply seem much more expansive than what I recall from memory? Would much of it carry up to 1700?

I was not aware of this website, may have not have seen the pertinent thread here yet?

Again, thank you for the information.

Michael

Crown Prince Frederick of Hesse

Frederick I was born in Kassel, the son of Landgrave Karl of Hesse-Kassel and Maria Amalia of Courland. He received one for its time, careful education, was brought up in youth trips in the Netherlands, Switzerland, Italy, Denmark and Germany, and there were 1699 government during his father's visit to Italy. On May 31, 1700 he married his niece, Louisa Dorothea of ​​Prussia, who had died already in 1705 after a childless marriage. Shortly after the Spanish Succession War (1701) was sent Frederick of his father at the head of an auxiliary troops to the Netherlands and attended by the General with great distinction for personal bravery on the coalition side, in the long bloody feud, including the Eugene of Savoy, even to its end by the Peace of Utrecht (1713).

As early as 1710 Frederick had begun during the act of marriage to the Swedish princess Ulrika Eleonora, and then both she and her brother, Charles XII of Sweden , consented Fredrik came in late 1714 to Stockholm, where the wedding was celebrated March 24, 1715.

Frederick was on the campaign against Norway 1716 and pictures of Frederick's uniform is in from this campaign, and received less in the hit nobody at Hølands rectory a dangerous wound. He was appointed that year to the generalissimo of the Swedish army, and followed his brother-even on his train to Fredriksten 1718th Among the historians who believe that Charles was assassinated at Fredriksten Fredrik often singled out as it was behind the fatal shot against brother in law. To support his wife's claim to the throne he sent after Charles's sudden death arrested Georg Heinrich von Görtz, Duke Charles Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp chief support. He also suspend the siege of the fortress and inducing, by eager processing, military commanders to give a conditional approval of the Ulrika Eleonora's throne. Since the Estates through a formal kungaval confirmed Ulrika Eleonora's victory over his nephew and rival, the above-mentioned Charles Frederick of Holstein-Gottorp, she wished to exalt her husband co-regent, but failed at the 1719 Riksdag realize this plan. Frederick had to settle for the estates awarded him the title "Royal Highness".

However, it was soon to Frederick by the Queen's unlimited affection and confidence took a great influence on the government. Generalissimusvärdigheten, who had been an honorary title, was now in command of the kingdom forces with decisive influence on the war and judicial and military promotions. The defense against the Russian ravages led to the highest care of him. He also supported the decision to cede Bremen and Verden to Hanover and part of Pomerania to Prussia, in order to gain their support (especially England) assists against Tsar Peter I. Even otherwise, he played a major role, and a conflict between him and Office of the President Gustav Cronhielm was the reason for the latter's ignominious dismissal. Experience arvprinsens large actual influence and of the Queen's wilfulness did, that the Estates the following year entered the Ulrika Eleonora's plan to exalt Frederick on the throne. The condition was that the Queen herself nedlade government, however, she would, in case she survived her husband, reinstated in their rights. Succession to the crown remained still - to her male offspring. On March 24, 1720 were Frederick I of Sweden's king and was crowned in Stockholm on 3 May of that year. The elevation was accompanied by a further reduction of royal power.

Pnorberg,
some superb material you presenting here. Do you know of any surviving flags or material of the Saxons who fought Sweden in the GNW 1700-1706?

Günter

Try this:
http://www.digitaltmuseum.se/search?que ... h_type=new
and this
http://www.digitaltmuseum.se/search?que ... h_type=new
or try to browse the collection on your own, using word "polsk" "sachsisk", "fana", "trofe" etc.

Thanks for the link's

Cheers

Günter

more pics..

some pics.

some pics

more pics

Great Pics!
Does the last one have a description?
It looks like if Swedes are attacking Saxons somewhere in Poland.

Günter

No it is actually a painting of the Battle of Helsingborg 28 feb.1710.
With the Danish Grenadier Corps to meet the Swedish Elfsborg (Älvsborg) Regiment and the queen dowager's Household Regiment of Horse.

Some Swedish infantry banners m/1686: