The following text, I have downloaded from the Swedish side: H. Högman's Genealogy and History Site ..
http://www.algonet.se/ ~ Hogman / swegen.htm
The early Carolinian uniform 1672 - 1680's
When Charles XI became the Swedish regent in 1672 work began to gain a complete uniforms of Swedish regiments. Charles XI ordered already in 1672 that the regiments would be clad into his special color of cloth.
According to a letter from the year 1675 would landscape regiments wear the following colors:
Infantry Regiment
Uniform
Dalregementet
Blue with red spreads
Hälsingland Reg.
Red with green ideas
Jämtland Reg.
Grey with green ideas
Jönköping Reg.
Grey with red spreads
Kalmar Reg.
Grey with green ideas
Crown's Reg.
Yellow with red spreads
Narke-Varmland Reg.
Red with white spreads
Skaraborg Reg.
Yellow with black Lookup
Södermanland Reg.
Yellow with blue lookup
Upplands Reg.
Red with yellow spreads
Västerbotten Reg.
Blue with white spreads
Västgöta-Valley Reg.
Grey with yellow spreads
Västmanland Reg.
Green with red spreads
Älvsborgs Reg.
Grey with isabella spreads
Östgöta Reg.
Red with black Lookup
In the summer of 1676 changed the color of wa-Värmland regiment from the white color of the ideas for green. As we see from the table would Kalmar and Jämtland regiment have the same colors.
Isabell is a brungrågul shade.
Infantry:
At this time the bar man headdress karpus or a hat. A karpus was a round, padded or fur-lined hat with fold-down tabs for forehead, neck and ears. Karpusen used primarily by men. The officers wore only a hat. The hat was soft and had a low hill with a slight uppböjda edges.
His coat was a so-called long coat with pewter buttons and cuffs in contrasting colors. The pants were of the same color as his coat and made of leather. They also wore a leather vest. Stump Orna was long and sewn or knitted of wool. As the footwear worn black shoes that were abruptly cut off the front.
Her coat was generally of the round-cut gown without sleeves. This cape was often in the way during riding and usually folded it up on both sides and hooked together at the back with brass buckles. Cloaks bar is usually not during combat.
NCO coat, pants and socks were gray. NCO also wore jacket. The color of the officers' uniforms at this time is uncertain, was probably the blue.
The Swedish long coat, the French called justaucorps as a model. This coat with long tails were uncomfortable to wear. Tails handed down to his knees and was therefore in the way of battle. They were also an obstacle to the infantry at the march, and the cavalry at the horse riding. On these occasions it was therefore common to weak up front and bakskörten on both sides and hooked them together. The lining of his coat became visible. At other times worn tails straight. Uppfästningen was tails were also among the other European armies. Long coat became widely recorded introduced during the 1680s even though it occurred during the 1670s.
In the artillery turned the other hand, not the tails in the long coat. This is true for some artillery throughout the Caroline period.
The introduction of the new uniforms stopped in Karl XI's wars from 1675 to 1679.
Cavalry:
Even in the cavalry wore one hat or karpus. Moreover bar riders älghudskyler, sämskskinnfodrade breastplate, leather pants and high smorläderstövlar with stiff shaft. Both kyllret and gown handed down to her knees. As headdress worn a lågkullig felt hat with wide brim.
The dragoons wore a hat or karpus and klädesrock instead of the jacket. The dragoons wore no armor or boots. The dragoons were primarily mounted infantry rather than cavalry.
Drabants wore a blue frock coat fitted with a collar and yellow bojfoder and decorated with braid, braid of gold in silver. In the mid-1670s was the gray coat with a gray lining. As early as 1677 it was blue with yellow lining.
Artillery:
Artillery, long gowns were usually gray and worn with rolled-up not brittle as they occasionally did in the infantry.
According to the 1683-year regulation would infantry regiments wear the following colors:
Infantry Regiment
Uniform
Dalregementet
Blue with yellow spreads
Hälsingland Reg.
Red with green ideas
Jämtland Reg.
Blue with yellow spreads
Jönköping Reg.
Grey with red spreads
Kalmar Reg.
Grey with green ideas
Crown's Reg.
Yellow with red spreads
Kungl. Majesty Livregemente
Blue with yellow spreads
Narke-Varmland Reg.
Red with blue lookup
Skaraborg Reg.
Yellow with black Lookup
Scanian infanterireg.
Yellow with green ideas
Södermanland Reg.
Yellow with blue lookup
Upplands Reg.
Red with yellow spreads
Västerbotten Reg.
Blue with white spreads
Västgöta-Valley Reg.
Grey with yellow spreads
Västmanland Reg.
Green with red spreads
Älvsborgs Reg.
Blue with red spreads
Östgöta Reg.
Red with black Lookup
Colors are bold changes against 1675-year provisions.
Cavalry regiments had no specific provisions concerning the color of the uniforms.
Crew Södermanland regiment.
Officer, Södermanland regiment, in 1680 or so. Mark the big cuffs and the vertical flaps. The hat has a weak uppböjda edges.
Officer Uniform at Uppland Regiment, 1680th
Army Museum.
Photo Hans Högman 2003rd
Crew Uniform at Uppland Regiment, 1680th
Crew Uniform at Uppland Regiment, 1680th
1687-Act Regulations: - The blue unit uniform
According to these regulations shall infantry clothed in blue. Thus, the whole infantry wear blue coat. Cuffs, etc. would be of yellow cloth. NCO in the infantry would have jackets and leather jackets. Between 1681 and 1687 were in the officers' coats to be gray, but from 1687 they would have the same color as the rest, ie. blue. For uniform also heard hårpungen. It came into use already 1681st A hårpung was a black bag, usually of dvalk - a kind of linen. Previously worn the long hair hanging freely. Now it would be combed up and worn gathered in the bag on the neck or down a bit on the back. Furthermore, were a blue karpus as hats and socks. The socks held up with knärämmar with buckles.
Officers' uniforms were much more lavish, including gilded brass buttons and gold braids in gloves, vest, sword belt and the collar of her coat officer.
The uniforms, which were determined in 1687 has been designated as the "old Carolinian uniform." The important thing about m/1687 was that the whole army clothed in the same color, the blue coat. This was a process that was taking place throughout Europe, but Sweden was probably the longest in the introduction.
Model-wise, did not cause m/1687 n gra major changes, but it was above all that color.
Infantry:
Unit The uniform was introduced gradually in the infantry. In general, uniform, blue with yellow cuffs and lining. Some regiments different from the yellow color of the lining and spreads. Narke-Varmland and Jönköping regiments had red paint on feed and spread. Västerbotten Regiment had white paint on the corresponding details.
What could vary was the color of the pants and socks.
The blue coat was long and by the very Corps-type and had long been the earlier appearance. It had tight waist and large pocket flaps were first vertically mounted but later horizontally. There was a row of buttons along the front edge with yellow buttonholes where the bottom half was blind. Typically, the older Carolinian uniform three dozen buttons: 12 pieces for the double-blind pocket flaps, 2 for shoulder straps and 22 of the button bar.
A defining feature of the coat in the - Carolinian uniform was that it lacked proper collar. On his shoulders were epaulettes mounted. Musketeers had epaulettes on both shoulders to keep both musket and partly bantlärremmen to the cartridge bag in place. Pike aunts had only a shoulder flap on the right shoulder of gehänget.
Cuffs on the unit's uniform was in the beginning, as in previous model, the size of the continent. Later, they became much smaller and square. These little ideas is the "Swedish spread." The small unresolved worn by soldiers and NCOs. The officers continued with the major unresolved. It was Karl XI, who himself decided to cuffs for practical reasons would be made smaller. This decision was taken in the mid 1690s but it is uncertain when it actually was introduced.
Cuffs and lining was generally of the same color. Through the fastened tails synthesis also feed on the uniforms. It is not fully established when the upturned tails became so ubiquitous that they were used in this way by all units.
During the 1690s and until 1706 the uniform changed slightly so that it has an appearance between the younger and the older Carolinian uniform. It is now that the twin vertical flaps are replaced with the horizontal. Number of buttons on his coat also decreases at this time, from 2 ¼ to 2 ½ dozen. It is also during this time that uniforms get a real collar.
The vest stretched far down on the thighs and were usually of leather. The vest was usually yellow. Even jackets of broadcloth occurred.
The pants were tight and knee-length. They were usually made of leather, sometimes of broadcloth. Generally, yellow pants.
The socks were long and stretched up above her knees. They held up through knärämmar with brass buckles. It was common practice to bore two pairs of socks. Most common were the socks knitted of wool. In wa-Varmland and Jönköping regiments were red socks. In the mid-1690s one begins to use the so-called. over socks to protect the wool stockings. These over the socks were made of broadcloth or homespun for winter use, and the linen for the warm season. Over The socks were a precursor to boot. In the late 1690s did provide that the socks would have the same color as each regiment had to feed. In 1692, bar Östgöta infantry regiment of white socks.
On his feet wore infantry boots, usually with a buckle. The shoes were made of smorläder and the same for left and right foot. At the front, they were abruptly cut off.
In the beginning was the scarf black but in the first half of the 1690s appears more colors up. Charles XI was not fond of the color black. Västerbotten Regiment wore white scarves in 1694 and Jönköping Regiment wore red. The scarf was made of fabric. From the late 1690s to end it with a cloth collar and instead wrapped the scarf around his neck and - at the back. The black paint was once widespread well into the 1700s.
Normally had cuffs, coat lining, pants, vest and strumpona same color and the most common color for these uniforms parts were yellow. It could also be different colors on the collar at certain joints.
For uniform also included a coat. It is not until well into the 1690s as it is commonly used by the infantry. Her coat was blue and, as before, a round-cut cloak without sleeves and collar. Her coat was usually made of wool and lined with a buoy which was usually in yellow. Her coat was held in place with a pair of brass buckles in front. It was also hooking up tails at the back. Her coat was 7 m in circumference at the bottom.
The gloves had a stiff neck.
Headdress of infantry ranged between hat and karpus. Karpusen was long the dominant headdress. Karpusen was usually blue. The hat was however more common. The early Caroline hat was the first straight brim but was later slightly folded without being fastened. Eventually get the hat increasingly upturned brim which leads to the three-cornered hat with the brim pinned. This is done in the late 1600s but it was not until well into the 1700s before the three-cornered hat was in general use. At the beginning of the Great Northern War was karpusen public headdress among the men.
The three-cornered hat worn with the point straight ahead, usually with the tip slightly move to the left. On the left brim, there was a button. NCO The hats had a silver stripe and the officers a narrow gold border.
Officers and uniforms looked like dan as for men but were made of finer materials. Some details were different, however, different.
The lining and cuffs were blue instead of yellow. The officers wore in the mid-1690s blue socks. ORNAMENT on the coat varied with the degree. The degree was marked also by the so-called. ring collar worn around the neck. Note, ring collar was not used in the artillery or the cavalry.
Military grade
Ring Collar
Colonel
Of silver gilt with the king's crowned cipher in the royal crown and other decorations in enamel
Colonel
Of silver gilt, but not as fancy as the colonel and had palm branches on both sides of the crowned namnschiffret.
Major
Just as Lieutenant Colonel
Captain
Of silver gilt with crown and cipher name in enamel, but lacked the palm branches.
Lieutenant
Of polished silver with gilded names in cipher crown of gold of the same appearance and size as captain
Ensign
As a lieutenant
There was some delay in the introduction of the unit's uniform, including depending on both material shortages and lack of money. The old uniforms were worn out before we switched to a new one.
The following table shows the year when each infantry regiment in Sweden and Finland are paraded wearing the blue uniform unit:
Infantry Regiment
Year
Pori Regiment, part (Fin)
1689
Pori Regiment, part (Fin)
1692
Dalregementet
1690
Hälsingland Regiment
1694
Jämtland Regiment
(Blue coat had already in 1683)
1709
Jönköping Regiment
1692
Kalmar Regiment
1692
Kronoberg regiment
1692
Nyland Infantry Regiment (Fin)
1688
Nyland Infantry Regiment (Fin), nyuniformerat
1698
Wa-Värmland Regiment
1691
Savo regiment (Fin)
(Blue coat had already in 1683)
?
Skaraborg Regiment
1689
Södermanland Regiment
1690
Häme Regiment (Fin)
1696
Uppland Regiment
1691
Viborg Infantry Regiment (Fin)
(Blue coat had already in 1683)
?
Västerbotten Regiment
1694
Västgöta-Dal Regiment
1691
Västmanland Regiment
1690
Åboläns Infantry Regiment (Fin)
1688
Åboläns Infantry Regiment (Fin), nymunderat
1694
Älvsborgs Regiment
1691
Ostrobothnia Regiment (Fin)
1688
Östergötland Infantry Regiment
1692
There is from year 1699 a draft of a uniform regulation with detailed information on the unit's uniform at the infantry would look like:
The coat should be of blue Swedish clothing with a collar and small cuffs in regimental color. The lining would be the buoy. The sweater (vest) and trousers would be of buckskin or reindeer skin. The hat would have vinyl or string around the white camel spruce or topic. The socks should be of wool and the regimental color. The scarf would be of black lärf.
This draft shows how uniforms were being developed for the traditional Carolinian uniform as we are accustomed to seeing it.
His coat had at that time still the characteristic long row of buttons along the front.
At the outbreak of war in 1700 bore infantry soldier is still the old long coat and only in exceptional cases were upturned tails. Karpus, the most common headgear. Open on the sleeves were still large.
Samples trappings Rock, infantry 1687th
Vertical pocket flaps, large cuffs, buttoned all the way down and no collar.
Samples trappings Rock, infantry 1687th
The - Carolinian uniform.
Round-cut gown without sleeves
Army Museum.
Photo Hans Högman 2003rd
M/1706:
Meanwhile, in Saxony 1706 - 1707 took the opportunity of getting new uniforms to replace the worn uniforms as they then had. This model m/1706 contained some changes from the previous uniform. His coat was now proceeding downward, and therefore had four folds on each side and two in the back. These folds were already on the officers' coats, now they came also to be included in the crew's coats. The most significant change was buttoning up until now did not go all the way down but ended at the waist. This change gave the gown a special appearance and model m/1706 has been called the young Carolinian uniform. With the flick no one stopped at the waist coat had far fewer buttons.
The collar of his coat and the yellow cuffs were left as before. Even the large horizontal flaps were unchanged. The vest and pants would be yellow.
In many respects you could say that this new uniform was a simplified form of the old uniform. Life Guards were the first units that were dressed in new uniforms. In the following years fronted the Swedish army in the new uniform.
After Poltava in 1709 when many regiments went into Russian captivity, these regiments again be put up in Sweden and thus uniform served. In paintings from Stenbock army at the Battle of Gadebusch 1712 shows that this new army wore the new uniform model, ie the soldiers with rocks whose closure ending at the waist and the three-cornered hat with upturned brim and pinned. Coat-tails of the infantry and troopers' coats are upphakade in the manner we are accustomed to seeing the uniform. The artillery bore, however coats with straight skirts. Furthermore, the infantry and cavalry were used hårpung while gunners had straight hair hanging down.
In 1713 in Tonningen was also Stenbock army in captivity with the regiments must be put up again and again uniforms served.
In the mid-1710s, it has three-cornered hat, trocornen, more or less completely replaced karpusen as headdress. However, bar Jamtland Regiment still karpus at general muster 1717th
Cavalry:
Also, the cavalry covered the 1687-year's uniform rules even if the adoption was slower here. Long coat was not laid out in the cavalry until well into the 1690s. Until it was worn knee-length kyllret. After a long coat came into use was kyllret a lower garment. One of the reasons that kyllret was removed as everyday dress was material. Kyllret was made sämskgarvad älghud and had a great inclination to take up water and then a long drying time. Instead of kyllret introduced a vest of skins. This vest was called kamisol and had long sleeves. When the Great Northern War broke out in 1700 was all the Swedish cavalry equipped with kamisoler and kyllren was therefore left at home.
Headdress at the Household Regiment in 1680 would be a black hat. In 1686, however, was purchased karpus to all riders of the regiment. A few years later, in 1691, would return caps sourced.
In Östergötland Cavalry Regiment purchased karpusar 1690 to 1695 while the regiment mentioned hats. So at this time were used alternately karpus and hat.
Even in the cavalry used the traditional round cut his cloak.
Also, the riders had a scarf. On his feet bore riders the high jack boots. These boots were used anbart of the real and the cavalry of the guard corps, not by the dragoons.
The riders in the cavalry bar also sämskskinnfodrade breastplate. During the armor worn kamisolen to prevent the harness rubbing against the body. However, it seems as if the breastplate only used during the early years during the Great Northern War. Then ended on the outfit.
The dragoons were at the Great Northern War, a more independent status and is no longer just a horse-borne infantry. Their uniforms were all more similar to the cavalry.
Bohuslän dragoons wore it for the regiment characteristic green color of their coats.
WELLINGTON for an officer in the cavalry of the Carolingian type.
Army Museum.
Photo Hans Högman 2003rd